Rev Bras Oftalmol.2025;84(Supl. 3):ex0003
Current evidence-based treatments for diabetic retinopathy: a comprehensive review for ophthalmologists
DOI: 10.37039/1982.8551.2025S3ex0003
ABSTRACT
Diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema are leading causes of preventable vision loss, with a rising global impact due to the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus. This review article synthesizes current evidence regarding the management of diabetic retinopathy, addressing pathophysiological mechanisms and evidence-based therapeutic recommendations from major clinical trials. Key topics include screening strategies, updated classification systems, systemic control, and ocular therapies such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents, corticosteroids, laser photocoagulation, and vitrectomy. Emerging medication approaches, sustained-release drug delivery systems, gene therapy, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and telemedicine are also discussed. Special considerations are highlighted for specific populations, including pregnant women and young individuals with type 1 diabetes. The review highlights the importance of individualized, multidisciplinary and evidence-based management to optimize visual outcomes and the quality of life for patients with diabetic retinopathy.
Keywords: Blindness; diabetes mellitus; Diabetic retinopathy; Macular edema; Vitrectomy
