ABSTRACT This study aimed to critically review the literature regarding the magnitude, orientation, and correlation between anterior, posterior, and total corneal astigmatism, as well as their clinical implications in normal eyes, in patients with keratoconus, and in individuals evaluated in the context of refractive surgery. An integrative literature review was conducted, with a systematic search of studies published between 2010 and 2025. Observational studies that assessed corneal astigmatism using Scheimpflug tomography in healthy eyes, eyes with keratoconus, or eyes evaluated […]

ABSTRACT This report aimed to evaluate the evolution of topography, astigmatism, and visual acuity in eyes with keratoconus that underwent intra-stromal ring implant surgery. The report compared these results with those of contralateral, non-operated eyes. The goal was to confirm whether the intra-stromal ring implant surgery could also slow the progression of the disease. Four cases of young and adult patients who underwent corneal ring implant surgery in one eye were analyzed, with clinical and topographic follow-up for up to […]

ABSTRACT Acute corneal hydrops is an ophthalmologic emergency resulting from rupture of Descemet’s membrane with entry of aqueous humor into the corneal stroma. Patients typically present with ocular pain, blurred vision, photophobia, and tearing. The main risk factors include trauma due to ocular itching, allergic keratoconjunctivitis, corneal ectasia, and Down syndrome. Although a rare complication, it is most commonly associated with keratoconus. Clinical treatment with eye drops should always be initiated, but in advanced cases, combined surgical intervention may be […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify corneal epithelial thickness profiles for early keratoconus diagnosis with the aid of Artificial Intelligence. Methods: A total of 496 eyes (306 normal and 190 with keratoconus) were analyzed using optical coherence tomography images. Results: Epithelial segmentation revealed distinct patterns between groups, highlighting early changes in epithelial thickness in keratoconus eyes. The findings reinforce the potential of artificial intelligence in disease screening, enabling a more precise and objective diagnostic approach. Conclusion: Implementing algorithms such as k-means can […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate public knowledge of keratoconus in Brazil and identify gaps to guide future educational strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey, based on the 2015 Global Consensus on Keratoconus, was distributed via social media and an ophthalmology bulletin. Adults (≥18 years) participated anonymously after providing informed consent. The questionnaire assessed demographics, ocular history, and keratoconus-related knowledge. Descriptive statistics summarized the data, and associations were analyzed using chi-square and nonparametric tests (5% significance level). Results: A total of 879 […]

ABSTRACT Objective: Early and accurate detection of corneal ectasias is essential for appropriate clinical management. The combined use of Pentacam and anterior segment OCT allows for a more comprehensive assessment of the morphological abnormalities associated with corneal ectasias, enabling earlier differentiation between normal and suspect cases. This study aims to investigate the relationship between OCT and Pentacam findings in the detection of corneal ectasias, analyzing their interdependence and clinical relevance. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional observational study based on data collected […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the mental health status of patients diagnosed with keratoconus in the city of Porto Alegre (RS). Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study with a sample of 106 patients. The study was conducted at the Ophthalmology Department of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, in the Contact Lens and Corneal Transplant sectors. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used, and the results were described categorically or continuously, in percentages and means/medians, as indicated. Results: The prevalence of depressive […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the tomography accuracy of Cirrus 5000 optical controls in patients with or without keratoconus for pachymetry measurements by image scanning patterns. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional and mixed study was performed in 20 eyes, where 37 parameters of each sample was analyzed and repeated 5 times. Results: Only four samples (vertex full, maximum epithelial pachymetry at 5 to 7.0mm, maximum epithelial pachymetry at 7 to 9.0mm and epithelial pachymetry difference between minimum and average) samples showed a […]