ABSTRACT The objective of this report was to describe an atypical presentation of combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (CHRRPE) with acute visual loss in a pediatric patient. A child underwent complete ophthalmologic evaluation, multimodal retinal imaging (fundus examination, optical coherence tomography, and ocular ultrasonography), and neurological and hematological investigation to exclude differential diagnoses. A previously asymptomatic patient developed sudden unilateral visual loss associated with peripapillary retinal elevation. After excluding neoplastic and systemic infiltrative diseases, clinical and […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop and describe the Ophthalmic Screening Kit (KOT) to be used by general practitioners in primary health care (PHC), aimed at screening children aged 0-10 years and preventing amblyopia. Methods: Methodological study conducted in four phases: (1) integrative literature review; (2) planning using a SWOT matrix; (3) construction of KOT components; and (4) refinement through assessment of functionality, content validity, applicability, and limitations. Results: The KOT comprises a guidance manual for general practitioners (age-specific examination, red flags, […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the profile of childhood ocular trauma and eyelid injuries in children under 10 years old in an ophthalmologic emergency unit. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study reviewing medical records of patients under 10 years old at a referral hospital in the ophthalmologic emergency, from 2018 to 2023. The following Information was collected from the patient: the history and the type of trauma, and details involved. Lesion description and surgical management were also verified. Results: A total of […]

ABSTRACT Acute corneal hydrops is an ophthalmologic emergency resulting from rupture of Descemet’s membrane with entry of aqueous humor into the corneal stroma. Patients typically present with ocular pain, blurred vision, photophobia, and tearing. The main risk factors include trauma due to ocular itching, allergic keratoconjunctivitis, corneal ectasia, and Down syndrome. Although a rare complication, it is most commonly associated with keratoconus. Clinical treatment with eye drops should always be initiated, but in advanced cases, combined surgical intervention may be […]

ABSTRACT Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is the most common abnormality of the lacrimal apparatus in the pediatric age group, leading to epiphora and mucopurulent discharge. It occurs in 1,2% to 30% of newborns and can cause infections such as bacterial conjunctivitis, dacryocystitis and orbital cellulitis. The incidence of the disorder is higher in premature children and with congenital abnormality such as Down syndrome. The article aims to present the embryological aspects, clinical presentation, semiology, differential diagnosis, and management of congenital […]

ABSTRACT Bupthalmos is characterized by congenital enlargement of the eyeball due to uncontrolled glaucoma in early childhood, which is mostly caused by primary congenital glaucoma. Primary congenital glaucoma, the leading cause of childhood glaucoma, is typically inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and is a significant contributor to pediatric blindness. In contrast, cartilage-hair hypoplasia, another autosomal recessive disorder, presents with disproportionate short stature, increased malignancy risk, and immunological complications. This case report describes a rare co-occurrence of primary congenital glaucoma […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity and of its outcomes in a reference maternity hospital in northeastern Brazil and to identify associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted using secondary data from newborns screened between August 2020 and November 2022. Results: The statistical analysis included 166 infants. The disease incidence was 40% (66 cases). Stage 2 was the most incident (46 cases), followed by stage 1 (15 cases) and stage 3 (5 cases). No […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess whether the anteroposterior diameter growth curve in Brazilian children aligns with the Caucasian-European standard used as a reference in Brazil. To evaluate the feasibility of using non-cycloplegic refractometric measurements from an autorefractor based on the anteroposterior diameter for medical prescription. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional pilot study was conducted with children receiving care through the Brazilian Unified Health System at the Hospital de Olhos do Paraná. Examinations included visual screening, anamnesis, cycloplegic refraction, fundoscopy, measurement of the […]