Original Article May 27, 2026 May 27, 2026

Public knowledge about keratoconus: a cross-sectional online survey in Brazil

DOI: 10.37039/1982.8551.20260045

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To evaluate public knowledge of keratoconus in Brazil and identify gaps to guide future educational strategies.

Methods:

A cross-sectional online survey, based on the 2015 Global Consensus on Keratoconus, was distributed via social media and an ophthalmology bulletin. Adults (≥18 years) participated anonymously after providing informed consent. The questionnaire assessed demographics, ocular history, and keratoconus-related knowledge. Descriptive statistics summarized the data, and associations were analyzed using chi-square and nonparametric tests (5% significance level).

Results:

A total of 879 individuals (mean age: 45.9 ± 15.2 years; 72.0% female) participated. Self-reported keratoconus was present in 22.6%, while 31.5% had heard of the disease and 45.8% were unfamiliar with it. Ocular allergy affected 42.1%, and 31.3% reported frequent eye rubbing. Although 83.1% recognized vision-related symptoms, only 52% identified keratoconus as a multifactorial condition. Misconceptions were common: 55.0% believed it causes blindness, 41.8% thought contact lenses prevent progression, and 20.6% considered surgery the only treatment. Awareness of corneal cross-linking (31.5%) and intracorneal rings (22.1%) was limited. Higher education and previous awareness were associated with better knowledge (p<0.01), while older age correlated with lower awareness.

Conclusion:

Significant knowledge gaps and misconceptions about keratoconus remain in Brazil. Targeted educational campaigns are needed to promote early diagnosis and correct misinformation.