ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify and analyze the most recent scientific evidence on best practices for the administration of intravitreal injections, with particular focus on the setting (medical office versus operating room), same-day bilateral administration, and strategies to prevent complications. A literature review was conducted across Medline Complete, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases (2015–2025), using three distinct search strategies. Studies addressing guidelines and protocols, administration setting, and bilateral procedures were included. Data selection and analysis were […]

ABSTRACT Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of vision loss among working-age adults in the Western world. Although it has traditionally been considered a microvascular disease, growing evidence suggests that neurodegenerative changes may occur even before the appearance of microvascular damage. The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive summary of the current evidence regarding neurodegenerative changes in diabetic retinopathy. This is a narrative review, in which we performed a comprehensive literature search from August 15, 1998, to […]

ABSTRACT Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is the most common abnormality of the lacrimal apparatus in the pediatric age group, leading to epiphora and mucopurulent discharge. It occurs in 1,2% to 30% of newborns and can cause infections such as bacterial conjunctivitis, dacryocystitis and orbital cellulitis. The incidence of the disorder is higher in premature children and with congenital abnormality such as Down syndrome. The article aims to present the embryological aspects, clinical presentation, semiology, differential diagnosis, and management of congenital […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To critically review current therapeutic strategies for Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), emphasizing ocular and respiratory manifestations, and highlighting innovative interventions with clinical applicability. Methods: This is an integrative literature review based on the PICO strategy. A systematic search was conducted in the VHL, SciELO, MEDLINE, and LILACS databases, covering publications from 2020 to 2025. Controlled descriptors and free terms related to “Sjögren’s Syndrome,” “Interdisciplinary Approach,” and “Ocular Manifestations” were used to identify relevant scientific evidence on the multidisciplinary management […]

ABSTRACT This systematic review and meta-analysis compared Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery (MSICS) with phacoemulsification for the management of mature cataracts, evaluating outcomes such as visual acuity, surgical complications, endothelial cell loss, central corneal thickness, surgery duration, and cost-effectiveness. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed®, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library through November 23, 2023, without language restrictions. Of 163 articles initially retrieved, five studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a total of 577 eyes. Pooled results […]

ABSTRACT Introduction: Visual images play a fundamental role in social cognition, functional autonomy, and personal identity. Acquired vision loss represents a potentially disruptive experience, with consequences that extend beyond sensory impairment and affect the processes through which self-image is constructed and reconstructed. Objective: Given the relevance of this construct and the influence of sociocultural determinants related to gender, this scoping review aimed to map the existing scientific evidence on the relationship between acquired vision loss and self-image perception in men […]

ABSTRACT Non-infectious uveitis is a major cause of visual loss, particularly among working-age adults. It is an intraocular inflammatory condition mediated by autoreactive T lymphocytes, and its severe forms may require therapies beyond corticosteroids. This article reviews recent advances in the treatment of the disease, emphasizing natural compounds and innovative ocular drug delivery systems, particularly those based on pharmaceutical nanotechnology. Compounds such as licarin A, lupeol, and melittin have shown promising anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic properties in experimental models, with favorable […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate, using current data, the importance of the eye test in the early diagnosis of retinoblastoma. Methods: This is an integrative literature review, with searches in databases of publications between the years 2000 and 2024, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, and 17 articles were selected for the research. Results: The main advantages of the eye test are its simplicity of performance, portability of the equipment, and non-invasive and rapid nature. The absence of the pupillary reflex or […]