Review Article October 07, 2026 October 07, 2026

Pathogenetic mechanisms of allergen influence with ocular manifestations: the relationship between allergens and symptoms

DOI: 10.37039/1982.8551.20260093

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the pathogenetic mechanisms through which various groups of allergens cause ocular manifestations.

Methods:

A systematic review of scientific publications from 2010 to 2024 is conducted, incorporating data from PubMed®, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The selection of literature is based on peer-reviewed studies with clear methodologies, ensuring a high level of result reliability.

Results:

The analysis demonstrates that the primary triggers of allergic conjunctivitis are aeroallergens, contact allergens, and food allergens. Aeroallergens most commonly provoke IgE-mediated reactions, characterised by typical symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis, such as itching, hyperaemia, and lacrimation. Food allergens can cause ocular symptoms, particularly in cases of sensitisation to specific foods, such as nuts or shellfish. The analysis of cross-reactive allergic reactions between pollen and food allergens is of particular importance.

Conclusion:

For effective management of allergic reactions with ocular manifestations, it is recommended to use specific allergy diagnostic methods, including the determination of IgE levels to key allergens, conducting elimination diets, and using antihistamine medications. Individualised treatment approaches, including allergen-specific immunotherapy, reduce sensitivity to pollen allergens and can alleviate the course of the disease.