Rev Bras Oftalmol.2026;85:e0017
New frontiers in the treatment of non-infectious uveitis: natural bioactives and innovative ocular drug delivery systems
DOI: 10.37039/1982.8551.20260017
ABSTRACT
Non-infectious uveitis is a major cause of visual loss, particularly among working-age adults. It is an intraocular inflammatory condition mediated by autoreactive T lymphocytes, and its severe forms may require therapies beyond corticosteroids. This article reviews recent advances in the treatment of the disease, emphasizing natural compounds and innovative ocular drug delivery systems, particularly those based on pharmaceutical nanotechnology. Compounds such as licarin A, lupeol, and melittin have shown promising anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic properties in experimental models, with favorable safety profiles. Additional strategies include intravitreal administration of mycophenolic acid and thalidomide, as well as the use of polymeric tacrolimus nanoparticles and biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) implants containing sirolimus. These systems extend drug residence time in the posterior segment of the eye, enhance bioavailability, and reduce systemic toxicity. Therapeutic innovations that combine natural bioactives with nanotechnology represent promising alternatives to overcome the limitations of conventional treatments, aiming at improved efficacy, safety, and quality of life for patients. These advances also underscore the increasing role of Brazilian scientific research in the field of global ophthalmology.
