Preexisting corneal astigmatism, present at the time of cataract surgery, is reviewed in detail throughout this article on its most important aspects such as occurrence rates, clinical relevance and current treatment options. Special emphasis is given to the latter aspect. Each method’s rationale, advantage and limitation ishigh lightened. Comparisons between treatment options, whenever possible, are also provided.

Choroidal folds is considered the most prevalent funduscopic finding in cases of orbital tumors. They are ripples in the retinal pigment epithelium, Bruch’s membrane, the inner portion of the choriocapillaris and in some cases, may affect the neurosensory retina, and then called chorioretinal folds. Several ocular and systemic conditions are associated with the finding and must be properly investigated and, if necessary, promptly treated. In this review we discuss the general aspects of choroidal folds, emphasizing their characteristic features in […]

This paper reviews and makes a critical analysis of radiofrequency in ophthalmology. Localized heating of the cornea has been apllied since 1889 for different therapeutic and surgical objectives.The principle that heating corneal tissue causes shrinking of the collagen that changes the corneal curvature. After the approval of FDA in 2004, we initiated a multicenter study in Brazil coordinated by ABC School of Medicine that resulted in an analyses of 258 patients. Inconclusion the study showed that the procedure had a […]

Treatment of fungal eye infections represents a challenge to the ophthalmology practice. For an adequate therapeutic response, besides correct drug choice, it is necessary an effectively administration. This script gathers information about the major antifungal drugs used in eye infections, their concentrations and main administration routes.

The authors review the basic aspects, etiology, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of the VI nerve palsy. Review the possible causes of abducent paralysis and location of determinant lesions. The clinical signs and clinical follow up are also observed in order to guide the etiology and therapeutic. The authors describe the clinical, pharmacological and surgical treatment. The authors emphasizes their proposal of VI nerve palsy correction using the isolated Carlson-Jampolsky transposition.

Carotid cavernous fistulae are an uncommon disease. They are classified as direct or indirect. In direct fistulas there is an abnormal communication between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. Indirect forms have an abnormal bypass between the meningeal branches of the internal and/or external carotid arteries and the same sinus. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the anatomy of the envolved area and the clinical findings, diagnostic evaluation and treatment.

PURPOSE: To report the response of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) to intravitreal ranibizumab treatment in the setting of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with extensive pre-existing geographic atrophy (GA) and a revision paper. METHODS: This is a revision paper and a retrospective case series of 10 eyes in nine consecutive patients from a photographic database. The patients were actively treated with ranibizumab for neovascular AMD with extensive pre-existing GA. Patients were included if they had GA at or adjacent to the foveal […]

A short review of type 1 Dohlman-DoaneKeratoprosthesis (KPro) addresses results and complications. Dohlman-DoaneKPro is today a good option for cases of corneal blindness with poor prognosis for traditional penetrating keratoplasty. KPro design and surgical improvements along with proper preoperative ocular surface condition allows good results in non-immune diseases. Main complications of this KPro areinflammatory retroprosthetic membrane, glaucoma, corneal melting,vitreitis, and infection (keratitis and endophthalmitis). Comprehensive long-term postoperative follow-up examinationsare needed to monitor for and prevent serious complications.