Neovascular age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of severe, irreversible vision loss in individuals over 50 years in developed countries. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to play a role in the regulation of choroidal neovascularization and vascular permeability. Anti-VEGF drugs have been shown to preserve or improve visual acuity by inhibiting vascular permeability and arresting the growth of neovascularization in the vast majority of treated patients. This review describes the current literature on the use of […]

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which attacks mainly the lungs. This disease can also attack any part of the eye; however, the more attacked ocular site is the uvea. The incidence of involvement of ocular and other sites TB is of 1% to 2%. Some authors describe several intraocular alterations, presenting the most varied clinical presentations, such as anterior, posterior, and intermediate uveitis, as well as panuveitis. In this revision, we will approach specifically […]

Corneal transplantation is singular because it is habitually performed on persons with visual deficiency but with preserved life expectancy, mobility and social life. A graft not well succeeded may cause real blindness and permanent misery due to pain and discomfort. One of the fundamental determinants of the success of corneal transplantation is the use of corneas of good quality. The selection of these corneas is based on three rules: innocuousness, transparency and vitality. Each one of these concepts is considered […]

Report of a case of bilateral ocular barotrauma related to scuba diving, with conjunctival and periocular hemorrhage. Some concepts about Physics and caution are provided to better understanding the pathophysiology of the barotrauma, so proper orientation regarding prevention might be provided.

The authors conducted a review of classical and conflicting theories of accommodation and presbyopia. They make a critical comparison with the findings of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that have been developed in recent decades. Based on these studies, formulates a new approach on the subject, shifting the focus of the discussion of the lens to the posterior pole of the eye.

The Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a rare congenital neuro-oculocutaneous disorder. This phacomatosis, also known as encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis, is defined by the classic triad: cutaneous, meningeal and ocular hemangiomas. Despite its typical presentation, incomplete forms are not uncommon. Glaucoma is often present and their pathophysiological mechanisms remain uncertain. Pherhaps this is why the clinical and surgical management of glaucoma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome (GSSW) is a challenge for the ophthalmic practice, often with disappointing results. We present a literature review with […]

Retinoschisis means abnormal separation of the retinal layers, which could be congenital, acquired or secondary to myopia, trauma or other vascular disorders. We review the clinical features of the x-linked and acquired diseases, and its recent diagnostic tools and the differents options for repair.

Nowadays the use of drugs for prevention of neonatal conjunctivitis (NC) has been questioned in some developed countries, due to the high level of prenatal care. In Brazil, although no official data on the occurrence of NC is available, several recent studies has shown high prevalence of genital infection in childbearing age and pregnant women. This, coupled with the 30% to 50% transmission rate of genital chlamydia and gonococcus from mother to newborn, leads to the conclusion that chemoprophylaxis is […]