HISTORY Richard Banister (1622) was the first to associate the loss of vision by glaucoma with high levels of IOP.() Adolph Weber (1855) was the first to establish the concept of glaucoma as an optic neuropathy.() In 1864, eserine and physostigmine (miotics) were introduced as the first drugs extracted from a plant used to treat the progression of glaucoma.() It is well known that elevated or uncontrolled IOP cause the excavation of the optic disc (glaucomatous excavation) and visual field […]

ABSTRACT Retinitis pigmentosa is one of the leading causes of hereditary blindness in developed countries and unfortunately there is currently no cure. Photobiomodulation therapy can penetrate the retina and optic nerve and restore the function of damaged mitochondria as an intracellular target. This study is proposed to review and analyze photobiomodulation as a strategy that has the potential to be a new hope therapy and non-invasive treatment for retinitis pigmentosa in the long term. PubMed® and Google Scholar were used […]

ABSTRACT Maculopathy from prolonged exposure to solar light is a rare but well-recognized clinical entity of vision loss and macular damage. Photochemical damage precedes visual decline, and in mild cases, vision usually returns fully or partially. With the advancement of humanity, other forms of macular injuries induced by light radiation have emerged, increasing the group of photic maculopathies. In this report, we describe the cases of five patients where a diagnosis of photic maculopathy was made based on the anamnesis, […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the performance of a portable autorefractor as refractor and screening tool for refractive errors in schoolchildren. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study. Refractometric measurements of children between 5 and 10 years old were obtained through four methods: 2WIN under non-cycloplegic conditions, and 2WIN, conventional autorefractor, and retinoscopy, under cycloplegic conditions. Correlations and agreement between the methods and accuracy of the portable autorefractor to define whether to prescribe glasses were assessed. Results: The mean age ± standard deviation was […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the clinical features and outcomes of patients with uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and idiopathic uveitis. Methods: This was an observational, retrospective study, conducted in a tertiary center. Patients under 18 years old who experienced at least one episode of uveitis and followed between 2000 and 2019 were included. Results: A total of 82 patients were included, of whom 43 had idiopathic uveitis and 39 had uveitis associated with JIA. Anterior uveitis was the […]

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of grafting a preseptal strip of orbicularis muscle to treat deep static glabellar wrinkles. Methods This was a prospective, interventional, case series study that included patients aged between 21 and 80, who underwent upper and lower blepharoplasty, and who presented varying degrees of deep static glabellar rhytids. After marking the glabellar rhytid, a subcision was made with 40 x 12mm needle along the entire length of the glabellar wrinkle. The orbicularis muscle graft was […]

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to report a rare case of neovascular glaucoma in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus that progressed to necrotizing scleritis with inflammation. A 22-year-old male with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus experienced sudden painful vision loss on the right eye. Visual acuity on the right eye was no light perception, while it was 20/80 in the left eye. Intraocular pressure was measured at 35 mmHg, and the examination was consistent with […]

ABSTRACT A 41 year-old man presented with unilateral vision loss for a week and constitutional symptoms for 3 months. Ophthalmic evaluation revealed cotton wool spots on the right eye and widespread retinal necrosis and hemorrhage on the left eye, suggestive of cytomegalovirus uveitis and HIV infection and retinopathy, and confirmed by serology. The patient was treated with ganciclovir and highly active antiretroviral therapy and preserved contralateral vision. Clinicians should be aware of uveitis and retinopathies to prevent irreversible vision loss […]