ABSTRACT Hydrocephalus is defined as ventricular dilation caused by increased intraventricular and intracranial pressure when untreated or due to treatment failure. Optical pathways can often cause optic atrophy due to the proximity to the lateral hazard when dilation occurs. Hydrocephalus can lead to optic atrophy, as well as other pathologies. Pituitary tumors share this same sign, in addition to causing bitemporal hemianopia when it compresses the optic chiasm. In addition, bitemporal hemianopia is the visual disturbance most commonly found in […]

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the retinal blood vascular network of the retinographies of patients with different grades of diabetic retinopathy. Methods Ninety Retinographies (MESSIDOR database) were used, with different grades of diabetic retinopathy divided into 4 groups: no retinopathy (n=23), grade one (n=20), grade two (n=20) and grade three (n=27) diabetic retinopathy. The grades of diabetic retinopathy were classified according to the number of microaneurysms, number of hemorrhages and the presence of neovascularization. The images were skeletonized and quantified by […]

ABSTRACT Pterygium is one of the diseases that most affect the ocular surface, especially in regions close to the equator. It mainly affects young adults and can cause symptoms, as well as aesthetic and optical impairment. We report a case of pterygium excision classified by grade II corneal extension and Tan grade 2 vascularization with previous laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery, using a new technique, the Moscovici technique, which is based on dissection with an air bubble to separate […]

ABSTRACT Glaucoma is considered the biggest cause of irreversible blindness in the world and the increase in intraocular pressure is its main risk factor. Usually, the initial therapy for glaucoma consists of reducing IOP through the instillation of topical hypotensive drugs, with antiglaucoma surgeries being normally reserved for cases in which disease control is not clinically achieved. Classically, the surgical treatment of glaucoma is performed using filtering procedures: trabeculectomy; non-penetrating sclerotomy and glaucoma drainage devices. The acronym MIGS (Minimally Invasive […]

ABSTRACT Optical coherence tomography is often used for detection of glaucoma as well as to monitor progression. This paper reviews the most common types of artifacts on the optical coherence tomography report that may be confused with glaucomatous damage. We mainly focus on anatomy-related artifacts in which the retinal layer segmentation and thickness measurements are correct. In such cases, the probability maps (also known as deviation maps) show abnormal (red and yellow) regions, which may mislead the clinician to assume […]

ABSTRACT Silicone oil has been an important intraocular tamponade in retinopexy in cases of complicated retinal detachment surgery. The increase of intraocular pressure and development of secondary glaucoma are a known complication of its use. A variety of mechanisms have been proposed for the pathogenesis, depending on the onset. This article aims to review the literature about pathogenesis, the incidence and risk factors, as well as the treatment of this pathology.

O rinoceronte cinzento é uma metáfora para as ameaças que podemos ver e reconhecer, mas contra as quais não fazemos nada. Por que, afinal, continuamos ignorando as ameaças mais óbvias? […]

ABSTRACT The rate of visual field progression is an essential factor in determining risk of visual disability or blindness in glaucoma patients. Knowledge of the rate of progression of a particular patient, in combination with an estimation of their longevity and other clinical factors, allows clinicians to optimize management by providing appropriately aggressive treatment. Despite decades of research on the treatment of glaucoma, the natural history of glaucomatous visual field progression in untreated and treated patients remains unclear. The purpose […]