ABSTRACT Diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema are leading causes of preventable vision loss, with a rising global impact due to the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus. This review article synthesizes current evidence regarding the management of diabetic retinopathy, addressing pathophysiological mechanisms and evidence-based therapeutic recommendations from major clinical trials. Key topics include screening strategies, updated classification systems, systemic control, and ocular therapies such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents, corticosteroids, laser photocoagulation, and vitrectomy. Emerging medication approaches, sustained-release […]

ABSTRACT Retinal vasoproliferative tumor is a rare disease associated with several sight-threatening complications. The optimum management of retinal vasoproliferative tumor is unknown and the need of surgery arises when there is diagnostic uncertainty or sight-threatening complications, such as 23G pars plana vitrectomy, perfluorooctane retinal flattening, fluid drainage through a peripheral retinotomy, fluid-air exchange, laser photocoagulation of the retinal vasoproliferative tumor, and 12.5% C3F8 tamponade. We described two cases of retinal vasoproliferative tumor with exudative retinal detachment threatening the macula, treated […]

ABSTRACT Eales’ disease is an idiopathic peripheral vascular occlusive disease characterized by inflammation, ischemia, and abnormal retinal vascularization. It primarily affects healthy young adults and typically manifests bilaterally. Diagnosis is mainly clinical; however, it requires exclusion of other systemic infections and ocular conditions. Recurrent vitreous hemorrhage is a hallmark of this condition. Early treatment significantly improves visual prognosis. Herein, we report a case series of patients diagnosed in Northeast Brazil.

ABSTRACT Retinal detachment related to retinopathy of prematurity is a surgical challenge, and vitrectomy can directly release transvitreal traction resulting from fibrous proliferation. The presence of iatrogenic breaks is a poor prognostic factor and has been considered a dismal prognosis. We report a case of premature female baby that underwent a 3-port 23-Gauge pars plana vitrectomy for stage 4A retinopathy of prematurity, with intraoperative progressive rhegmatogenous detachment complication. Lensectomy, extensive membrane dissection and vitreous shaving, followed by a posterior retinotomy, […]

ABSTRACT Objective To assess pre-operative conditions that could influence primary anatomical success rate in a cohort of patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRD) treated with primary vitrectomy and no scleral buckling. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in a group of patients that underwent primary pars plana vitrectomy with gas tamponade and without scleral buckling for RRD between 2014 and 2019, with a minimum follow-up of 4 months. Results 305 eyes of 301 patients were included; 59.01% eyes were phakic, […]

ABSTRACT Hyperplastic primary vitreous persistence, currently referred to as fetal vasculature persistence, is a congenital anomaly that results from non-regression of the primary vascular vitreous and hyaloid artery system during embryogenesis. It is a unilateral anomaly in the vast majority of cases, sporadic and commonly not associated with any other systemic finding. Clinically, this condition can be classified into anterior and posterior persistence of fetal vasculature. The anterior condition is related to the ciliary artery system, while the persistence of […]

Abstract This paper provides a fast and inexpensive technique to prevent slippage of the infusion cannula from the EVA DORC® 27-gauge system. After the usual retrobulbar anesthesia, antisepsis and asepsis, a 2% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose drop is placed around the infusion cannula in the trocar to hold it in position. This technique prevents the slippage of the infusion cannula and both the surgical time and creation of the first sclerotomy in the eye can be shortened slightly.

Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant inheritance disease that affects connective tissue with phenotypic manifestations involving the skeletal, cardiovascular and ocular systems. The main ocular manifestations are the subluxation of the lens, myopia and retinal detachment. The aim of this article was to report the clinical and surgical management of a patient with Marfan syndrome with luxated lens for the vitreous cavity and who developed a severe phacoanaphylactic reaction characterized by severe secondary glaucoma and corneal decompensation.