Tolosa Hunt syndrome is a rare disease, whose etiology is unknown. It presents as a painful ophthalmoplegia of one or more oculomotor cranial nerves, which resolves spontaneously and responds well to treatment with corticosteroids. This study is a case report of a patient who had followed painful oftalmoplegias cases involving the oculomotor and abdcens nerves being treated with corticosteroids, obtaining a dramatic response. Another goal is to describe the pathophysiological, clinical, differential diagnosis, since it is a diagnosis of exclusion, […]

The microscopic polyangiitis is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis that affects arterioles, capillaries and venules, but can also reach small and medium-sized arteries. It is considered a rare disease, idiopathic in nature but clearly autoimmune. Several ocular and systemic abnormalities are associated with retinal arterial occlusions. Among the collagen vascular diseases, the literature cited as possible causes of retinal artery obstruction lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodosa, giant cell arteritis, Wegener’s granulomatosis and lymphoid Liebow. Until now, there were no reports in the […]

Visceral Leishmaniasis, also know as Kala-azar, is a parasitic tropical disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania donovani. It is an endemic disease in many countries. It affects approximately 1,5 million people every year, and when associated with mal-nutrition and co-infection it may be fatal. Fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia is its typical clinical picture. Ocular manifestations of Kalaazar are relatively rare and can affect either anterior or posterior segment of the eye. We report a patient with kala-azar presenting […]

This report refers to a two years and nine months patient, carrier of clinical anophthalmia in her right eye associated with posterior coloboma in her left eye and systemic malformations. The mother was vaccinated against rubella three months before conception and, at birth, the laboratory tests showed 267 IU/mL for rubella IgG antibodies level and 3,5 IU/mL for cytomegalovirus, being IgM antibodies negative for both. The abnormalities found have characteristics of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) and congenital cytomegalovirus infection. It […]

The optic disc melanocytoma is a benign tumor, with little predisposition to become a melanoma. It is usually asymptomatic, nonetheless should be evaluated periodically, most often by computerized perimetry, which in 9 out of 10 cases will show some alteration. In the following paper we report the case of 61 years old man without previous diagnosis of optic disc melanocytoma and discuss the importance of melanoma differential diagnosis and monitoring.

Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis. While its incidence is unknown, approximately 300 cases have been reported in the literature. The syndrome typically presents with a characteristic facial rash (poikiloderma), its diagnostic hallmark, and heterogeneous clinical features including congenital skeletal abnormalities, sparse hair distribution, juvenile cataracts, and a predisposition to osteosarcoma. This is a report describing a patient diagnosed with RTS referred to us because of low vision and red eyes.

The proximity of the orbital cavities to the air spaces of the face results in the occurrence of orbital infections resulting from sinusitis. Children with debilitated nutritional status are especially vulnerable. Clinically presents the inflammatory signs, and visual acuity deficit, diplopia, ophthalmoplegia and proptosis. Might also lead to severe complications such as cavernous sinus thrombosis and intracranial abscess. These infections can be classified according to their severity. Imaging tests of choice for the diagnosis and planning of cases include axial […]

The Christmas tree cataract is a rare type of lens opacification characterized by deposits of needle-shaped polychromatic cortex deep in the core, that can be isolated or associated with other opacities. We report and record, through photographs, two cases of this type of lens opacity.