ABSTRACT Hydrocephalus is defined as ventricular dilation caused by increased intraventricular and intracranial pressure when untreated or due to treatment failure. Optical pathways can often cause optic atrophy due to the proximity to the lateral hazard when dilation occurs. Hydrocephalus can lead to optic atrophy, as well as other pathologies. Pituitary tumors share this same sign, in addition to causing bitemporal hemianopia when it compresses the optic chiasm. In addition, bitemporal hemianopia is the visual disturbance most commonly found in […]

ABSTRACT Pterygium is one of the diseases that most affect the ocular surface, especially in regions close to the equator. It mainly affects young adults and can cause symptoms, as well as aesthetic and optical impairment. We report a case of pterygium excision classified by grade II corneal extension and Tan grade 2 vascularization with previous laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery, using a new technique, the Moscovici technique, which is based on dissection with an air bubble to separate […]

ABSTRACT Myelinated retinal nerve fibers are rare congenital anomalies that appear as gray-white patches. They may be present in a syndrome characterized by ipsilateral myelinated retinal nerve fibers, myopia and amblyopia. The author reported an ellipsoid zone defect on spectral domain optical coherence tomography in a case of Straatsma syndrome without macular extension.

ABSTRACT In the literature, there is a confusing classification among congenital floppy eyelid, eyelid eversion and ectropion. They are described as eyelid malposition with laxity and out-turning of the eyelids in newborns, usually associated with conjunctival prolapse and chemosis. Although the underlying pathophysiology of these rare conditions is obscure, they share anatomic characteristics. Thus, instead of a plethora of denominations, a spectrum approach should join these entities. In this paper, the authors present a case series of four patients that […]

ABSTRACT Choroid hemangioma is a benign, well-delimited orange-red, vascular tumor characterized by an elevated plaque. It is a rare tumor with a prevalence of one case in every 40 choroidal tumors. It can be diagnosed by the clinic associated with biomicroscopic evaluation and complementary tests to differentiate from other tumors. Treatment can be expectant in asymptomatic cases. For symptomatic cases or those with the presence of subretinal fluid, there are several therapies. The objective of this study was to report […]

ABSTRACT We report an unusual case of brucellosis presented with headache, diminished vision, papillitis and multiple peripapillary hemorrhages accompanied by subretinal fluid extending up to macula. Diagnosis of brucellosis was made based on positive polymerase chain reaction of cerebrospinal fluid sample for Brucella species DNA, accompanied by a raised titer of anti-brucella antibodies. Patient showed remarkable improvement on triple drug therapy in form of doxycycline, rifampicin and ceftriaxone.

ABSTRACT Anomalous extrinsic ocular muscles are rare findings but they should be suspected in cases of atypical and excessively restrictive strabismus, associated with vertical movements or retractions. They can also be seen as perioperative findings in characteristically normal deviations. We report two cases in which anomalous lateral rectus muscle was found during surgery. In case one, a 29-year-old man had a mild abduction limitation and esotropia of 35 prismatic diopters in his right eye. In the perioperative period, anomalous division […]

ABSTRACT This paper describes two cases of allograft corneal transplant rejection after the application of two types of COVID-19 vaccines – Coronavac (Sinopharm/Butantan) and MRNA BNT162&2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccines – with an interval of 1 to 10 days, respectively. The rejection manifested in the form of corneal edema, hyperemia and blurred vision, which responded rapidly to the use of topical and subconjunctival corticosteroid. As far as we know, this is the first published report of immunological rejection of penetrating corneal transplant […]