ABSTRACT Peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) is an immune-mediated corneal infiltration associated with autoimmune diseases and systemic inflammation. Commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis, it may also be associated with other rheumatologic, inflammatory, and infectious diseases. PUK is usually unilateral and peripheral, due to its proximity to the conjunctival vasculature. There is usually an epithelial defect overlying the infiltrate and the associated stromal thinning. The objective of this case report is to address one of the possible etiologies of PUK associated with […]

ABSTRACT Waardenburg syndrome is a rare congenital genetic disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and pigmentary abnormalities of the hair, skin, and eyes. Based on the different clinical presentations, it is divided into four subtypes as in WS1 to WS4. This report describes a 15-year-old boy who presented with low vision and bilateral hearing loss. His visual acuity was 20/200 in both eyes. Slit-lamp examination revealed complete iris heterochromia, with one blue iris and one brown iris. Fundus examination showed […]

ABSTRACT LASIK is a refractive surgical procedure in which a corneal flap is created to expose the corneal stromal bed. Preoperative estimation of corneal flap thickness is necessary to calculate the percentage tissue altered in LASIK, an important quantitative risk factor for ectasia. The objective of this study was to assess flap thickness and calculate percentage tissue altered to check if unexpectedly thicker flaps and higher percentage tissue altered could pose as risk factors of ectasia. Four subjects (eight eyes) […]

ABSTRACT This is a case series about retinal arterial macroaneurysms in three patients recovered from COVID-19. None of them had previous past ocular and systemic history. The first patient was a 47-year-old man, with best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 in both eyes. He presented a cotton wool spot in the right eye and two peripheral exudative retinal arterial macroaneurysms in the left eye. Laser photocoagulation was performed and best-corrected visual acuity remained stable. The second one was a 62-year-old-woman with […]

ABSTRACT This report describes a case of retinal racemose hemangioma that first presented as a vitreous hemorrhage. The authors present the case of a 47-year-old woman with a sudden 5-day painless visual loss in her left eye. At the first visit, the best-correct visual acuities were 20/20 in the right eye and hand motions in the left eyes. Ultrasonography showed an attached retina and a massive vitreous hemorrhage. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed and a dilatation of large vessels was […]

ABSTRACT Occult macular dystrophy is characterized by a slowly progressive bilateral reduction of visual acuity in patients with normal fundus and fluorescein angiography. We describe a case of a 36-year-old male patient diagnosed with this condition, after extensive investigation with multimodal imaging, electrophysiology tests, and systemic screening.

ABSTRACT Orbital apex is a region involving bone, vascular and neural structures. Pathologies involving this region may lead to several symptoms and signals and to orbital apex syndrome. It is a rare syndrome that is characterized by signals involving nervous ocular motor nerves through the optic foramen and the superior orbital fissure. This can affect the oculomotor, the third canal and abducens nerves; the ophthalmic division of the fifth cranial nerve and the optic nerve. Its causes include neoplastic, vascular, […]

ABSTRACT Non-glaucomatous papillary cupping constitutes an important differential diagnosis in daily medical practice. There are patients diagnosed and treated as glaucoma, who do not present the disease and are part of the large group of non-glaucomatous optic neuropathies. This case emphasizes directing the diagnostic gaze to these “apparently glaucomatous” optic nerves through a case of periventricular leukomalacia. Patients with a history of prematurity, alterations in the cerebral white matter and presence of optic nerve excavations with normal intraocular pressures.