Carotid cavernous fistulae are an uncommon disease. They are classified as direct or indirect. In direct fistulas there is an abnormal communication between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. Indirect forms have an abnormal bypass between the meningeal branches of the internal and/or external carotid arteries and the same sinus. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the anatomy of the envolved area and the clinical findings, diagnostic evaluation and treatment.

A Oftalmologia brasileira tem tradição de estudar e discutir políticas de saúde ocular em Congressos Nacionais, Fóruns de Saúde e principalmente ações políticas junto a instituições médicas ou da socieda de e representantes dos poderes da república. Muitas ações de planejamento de políticas de saúde se baseiam em dados epidemiológicos sobre perfil, prevalência ou incidência de agravos oculares na população […].

OBJECTIVE: To determinate the corneal diagnoses of patients underwent Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK) in the university hospital of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, and their relation to age group, gender and socioeconomic factors. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 1085 registration forms of patients underwent Penetrating Keratoplasty in the university hospital of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, from 2000 to 2009. The surgical indications were then correlated to age group, gender and socioeconomic factors, by chi-square test. […]

PURPOSE: To evaluate the sensitivity of the photoscreener equipment to detect ocular changes in informative children comparing with the data obtained by the E Snellen´s table. METHODS: We evaluated 500 children between 5 and 12 years old, from a school of Botucatu city, São Paulo state. The children were submitted to a visual acuity test using the Snellen´s E Table and were photographed with the photoscreenerTM system model MTI-PS100, following the photos’ analyze. RESULTS: There were negative agreement (children with […]

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of skin cooling with ice on pain relief in periocular injection with botulinum toxin type A in patients with facial dystonias. METHODS: In this prospective study, 13 patients received botulinum toxin type A injection in glabela (procerus m.) and periocular region (orbicular m.) for facial dystonias treatment. Before the injections, one side of the glabela was submitted to a 5-minute cooling period, while the opposite side had Epitezan® cream applied, as a placebo. The application […]

PURPOSE: To evaluate the measurement of palpebral fissure in patients with facial dystonias before and after periocular injection with botulinum toxin type A. METHODS: We studied patients with benign essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm underwent periocular injection of botulinum toxin type A by the inner orbital technique of application. Patients were photographed 14 days before and after application. The palpebral fissure was measured in these images by means of computerized image processing using the program ImageJ. The palpebral fissure changes […]

OBJETIVO: Este é um estudo clínico oftálmico transversal para estimar a prevalência e gravidade de pterígios em uma população específica na bacia Amazônica, Brasil. MÉTODOS: O estudo incluiu 225 indivíduos acima de 20 anos de idade, oriundos de três diferentes residências na cidade de Manaus (grupo 1, n = 89), comunidades ribeirinhas (grupo 2, n = 116) e indígenas que habitam nas florestas (grupo 3, n = 20). Pterígios foram classificados de 1-4 pelo exame com tocha e determinando-se sexo, […]

OBJECTIVE: This is a cross sectional ophthalmic clinic-based study to estimate the prevalence and severity of pterygium in a selected population in the Amazon Basin, Brazil. METHODS: The study included 225 subjects above 20 years age from three different places of residence of Manaus city (group 1, n=89), river based communities (group 2, n= 116) and indigenous rainforest inhabitants (group 3, n=20). Pterygia was graded 1-4 by torch examination and gender, age and occupation determined. RESULTS: were assessed to have […]