ABSTRACT Duane Syndrome (DS) is a rare ocular disorder that causes congenital strabismus. It results from a failure of the abducens nerve (VI cranial nerve) to innervate the lateral rectus muscle, in addition to anomalous innervation of this muscle by the oculomotor nerve (III cranial nerve). The syndrome is characterized by restricted movements of adduction and abduction, narrowing of the palpebral fissure, abnormal ocular movements, and globe retraction. It affects about 0.1% of the population and accounts for 1-4% of […]

ABSTRACT Whipple’s disease is a rare multisystemic condition caused by Tropheryma whipplei. In its early stages, it typically presents with joint symptoms, progressing in later stages primarily to digestive disorders. Although ocular involvement is uncommon, it may be one of the first manifestations of the disease, presenting a diagnostic challenge. Polymerase chain reaction testing or periodic acid Schiff staining of affected tissues can assist in early diagnosis when symptoms are non-specific, which is crucial for initiating early antibiotic therapy and […]

ABSTRACT This article is aimed at documenting a case of Bergmeister papilla that was an incidental finding that had its conclusive diagnosis given by the optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the optic nerve and retinography. We report the case of a female patient who came to our service for a routine appointment claiming visual difficulty seeing from a distance in both eyes. After the appointment and the request of the diagnostic tests, Bergmeister Papilla was found in the right eye, […]

ABSTRACT Ligneous conjunctivitis is a rare chronic disease described as membranous keratoconjunctivitis that may be associated with systemic manifestations. It is associated with congenital plasminogen deficiency. In this case report, we describe the case of a 3-year-old male child who was diagnosed with ligneous conjunctivitis that mimicked gonococcal conjunctivitis after secondary infection with Streptococcus pyogenes. The patient had a bilateral pre-tarsal conjunctival membrane and a fibrous membrane extremely adherent to the corneal epithelium in the left eye, associated with intense […]

ABSTRACT This study aims to report the case of a patient with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and investigate the relationship between hypovitaminosis C and the development of the disease, as well as evaluate the impact of vitamin C supplementation on controlling clinical symptoms. A 21-year-old male patient diagnosed with MS, presenting visual complaints and a relevant family history. The investigation included clinical, laboratory, and imaging exams, identifying hypovitaminosis C. The treatment consisted of prednisone administration and vitamin C supplementation. Vitamin C […]

ABSTRACT Case report of a 14-year-old male presented with acute painless vision loss and left optic disc swelling. Extensive diagnostic investigations, including magnetic resonance imaging and serum MOG antibody testing, were conducted. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an extensive T2 hyperintense signal in the anterior portion of the left optic nerve without involving chiasm or retrochiasmatic areas. The management strategy involved intravenous methylprednisolone followed by azathioprine, resulting in complete vision recovery. This case highlights the importance of considering MOG antibody-associated optic […]

ABSTRACT Sickle cell disease is the most common hemoglobinopathy, and the perioperative period can be an exacerbation of the disease. The aim of this report is to describe the case of a patient with Sickle Cell Disease who underwent surgery to correct his strabismus and developed Acute Thoracic Syndrome, the most feared complication in patients with this disease. The adversities of this disease result from the sickling process of red blood cells, which can be triggered by cold, dehydration, and […]

ABSTRACT Stiff-Person syndrome is a rare neuro-immunological condition predominantly affecting proximal and axial limb muscles, with a higher incidence in females aged between the third and seventh decades of life. Ophthalmological involvement is a significant aspect, often correlated with cerebellar dysfunction and various nystagmus forms. A 53 year-old female with a history of hypothyroidism and rectal polypectomy, presenting with diplopia, dizziness, and postural instability, eventually diagnosed with Stiff-Person syndrome. Treatment involves medications like diazepam and gabapentin, besides intravenous immunoglobulin therapy […]