Rev Bras Oftalmol.2026;85:e0108
Orbital Brown tumor: a case report and literature review
DOI: 10.37039/1982.8551.20260108
ABSTRACT
The objective of this report is to describe a rare case of an orbital brown tumor secondary to hyperparathyroidism in a pediatric patient with end-stage renal failure and highlight the importance of timely multidisciplinary management. An 18-year-old male with end-stage renal failure and longstanding secondary hyperparathyroidism presented with progressive proptosis, diplopia, and globe dystopia. Imaging revealed an expansile lytic lesion of the right orbital roof compressing the globe and threatening multiple ocular structures including the optic nerve. Surgical excision preserved visual acuity at 6/9 bilaterally and restored extraocular movements. Histopathology confirmed a brown tumor. Subsequent total parathyroidectomy resulted in normalization of parathyroid hormone levels. Orbital brown tumors are rare but potentially vision-threatening. Early recognition and combined surgical management of the orbital lesion and underlying hyperparathyroidism can preserve vision and reduce morbidity in ESRF patients.
