ABSTRACT Objective: To underscore the critical importance of assessing the peripheral retina in all patients, especially those planning to use miotics. Methods: A retrospective and observational study was conducted at a single ophthalmological medical center, using records from the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) for closed-angle glaucoma and lesions predisposing to detachment. Participants in this study underwent anterior chamber assessment using the Goldman 3-Mirror lens and the Volk G-4 Gonioscopy lens. Peripheral retinal evaluation was conducted with indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy […]

ABSTRACT Acute corneal hydrops is an ophthalmologic emergency resulting from rupture of Descemet’s membrane with entry of aqueous humor into the corneal stroma. Patients typically present with ocular pain, blurred vision, photophobia, and tearing. The main risk factors include trauma due to ocular itching, allergic keratoconjunctivitis, corneal ectasia, and Down syndrome. Although a rare complication, it is most commonly associated with keratoconus. Clinical treatment with eye drops should always be initiated, but in advanced cases, combined surgical intervention may be […]

ABSTRACT Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is the most common abnormality of the lacrimal apparatus in the pediatric age group, leading to epiphora and mucopurulent discharge. It occurs in 1,2% to 30% of newborns and can cause infections such as bacterial conjunctivitis, dacryocystitis and orbital cellulitis. The incidence of the disorder is higher in premature children and with congenital abnormality such as Down syndrome. The article aims to present the embryological aspects, clinical presentation, semiology, differential diagnosis, and management of congenital […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify corneal epithelial thickness profiles for early keratoconus diagnosis with the aid of Artificial Intelligence. Methods: A total of 496 eyes (306 normal and 190 with keratoconus) were analyzed using optical coherence tomography images. Results: Epithelial segmentation revealed distinct patterns between groups, highlighting early changes in epithelial thickness in keratoconus eyes. The findings reinforce the potential of artificial intelligence in disease screening, enabling a more precise and objective diagnostic approach. Conclusion: Implementing algorithms such as k-means can […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To outline the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients attended at the ophthalmology outpatient clinic of a university hospital, with emphasis on the presence of diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, and the type of ophthalmological follow-up. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational, and retrospective study in which electronic medical records of patients attended at the Ophthalmology Outpatient Clinic were analyzed during the period from March to August 2023 and compared with the same period in 2024. Medical records with […]

ABSTRACT Bupthalmos is characterized by congenital enlargement of the eyeball due to uncontrolled glaucoma in early childhood, which is mostly caused by primary congenital glaucoma. Primary congenital glaucoma, the leading cause of childhood glaucoma, is typically inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and is a significant contributor to pediatric blindness. In contrast, cartilage-hair hypoplasia, another autosomal recessive disorder, presents with disproportionate short stature, increased malignancy risk, and immunological complications. This case report describes a rare co-occurrence of primary congenital glaucoma […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To critically review current therapeutic strategies for Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), emphasizing ocular and respiratory manifestations, and highlighting innovative interventions with clinical applicability. Methods: This is an integrative literature review based on the PICO strategy. A systematic search was conducted in the VHL, SciELO, MEDLINE, and LILACS databases, covering publications from 2020 to 2025. Controlled descriptors and free terms related to “Sjögren’s Syndrome,” “Interdisciplinary Approach,” and “Ocular Manifestations” were used to identify relevant scientific evidence on the multidisciplinary management […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the epidemiological profile of ocular toxoplasmosis in an ophthalmology hospital in western Paraná. Methods: A retrospective study conducted between 2015 and 2022 through the review of medical records, using the presence of chorioretinal scars as a presumptive diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis. Results: 3.03% of patients seen during the study period presented with presumptive ocular toxoplasmosis lesions, with a higher prevalence in women (57.25%) and in the age group of 60–79 years old (42.18%). Diabetes was observed […]