ABSTRACT We report the first case of successful bilateral cataract surgery performed under modified topical anesthesia in an adolescent with Down syndrome and a difficult airway. Airway management under general anesthesia (GA) for this patient population presents significant challenges, including increased risk of adverse intraoperative and postoperative events. This report details our innovative anesthetic approach, termed trained topical anesthesia (TTA), which facilitated uneventful successive cataract surgery in both eyes. The success of this approach highlights the importance of comprehensive psychological […]

ABSTRACT Objective: This study presents a comparative analysis of the performance of three artificial intelligence models (ChatGPT, Scholar GPT, and DeepSeek) in solving the CBO 2022 theoretical exams I and II to obtain the Specialist Certification Exam in Ophthalmology. Methods: A total of 46 valid questions from theoretical exam I and 122 from theoretical exam II were analyzed after the exclusion of 7 cancelled questions. The models were set to operate under standardized conditions, and their responses were compared with […]

A 62-year-old healthy man with left-sided headaches for 3 days and redness of the left eye for 24 hours. The best corrected visual acuity of both eyes was 10/10. The left side of the forehead showed incipient vesicles on an erythematous background (). The left eye was slightly injected. Biomicroscopic examination disclosed a large temporal corneal pseudodendrite (). Fluorescein staining under a cobalt-blue filter confirmed this pattern (). Valacyclovir associated with lubricant eyedrops was started. Follow-up examination revealed complete resolution […]

ABSTRACT Our objective was to evaluate and describe the techniques and outcomes of limbal stem cell transplantation in patients with limbal stem cell deficiency after chemical burn of the ocular surface. We performed this literature review using the PubMed® (MEDLINE), Cochrane and Embase (Elsevier) databases. Of the 313 studies found, 276 were removed as duplicates and ineligible based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria; 17 articles remained after full reading, classified according to the criteria of interest, and 1 article […]

ABSTRACT Thygeson’s keratitis is a chronic bilateral inflammation of the cornea, characterized by recurrent intraepithelial opacities, intense photophobia, and visual fluctuations, especially in children. Topical corticosteroids are effective, but their prolonged use carries risks and frequent recurrences. We report the case of an 11-year-old girl with refractory Thygeson’s keratitis treated with topical tacrolimus 0.03%. After an initial response to corticosteroids, an early recurrence occurred within 15 days. With the introduction of tacrolimus, there was complete resolution of signs and symptoms, […]

ABSTRACT This is a case report of a patient with tuberous sclerosis who has been followed since the age of 8 months. An ophthalmological examination revealed left eyelid ptosis and a lesion consistent with retinal astrocytoma. Imaging studies, including magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, demonstrated multiple abnormalities such as cortical-subcortical lesions, subependymal nodules, callosal dysgenesis, and probable renal cysts. The patient also presented with refractory epilepsy, developmental delay, and frequent seizures. Correlating the clinical and radiological findings with the […]

A 35-year-old man presented to the ophthalmology clinic with immediate blurry vision and central scotoma in the right eye after sustaining accidental exposure to a handheld laser pointer (power < 1 mW, wavelength 640 to 660 nm; according to the label on the device) from approximately 5 m away, for a duration that he described as 1 to 2 seconds during a PowerPoint presentation in a conference room. Visual acuity was 20/80 in the right eye and 20/20 in the [...]

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to report a case of complicated gonococcal conjunctivitis with keratitis. A patient presented to the ophthalmologic emergency department of the Clinical Hospital at the Federal University of Minas Gerais with purulent discharge from the right eye, ocular hyperemia, pain, and low visual acuity that had started 2 days before. An ophthalmologic examination revealed a visual acuity of counting fingers to face in the right eye. Biomicroscopy revealed purulent discharge, ocular hyperemia, chemosis and […]