ABSTRACT Objective: To assess medication-related costs in patients with open-angle glaucoma subjected to iStent inject®. Methods: Retrospective study of patients with early-stage open-angle glaucoma who underwent iStent inject® implantation within the Brazilian private healthcare system and were followed for a period of 1 to 5 years. The study population comprised 234 patients with a mean age of 68.4 years old. The capacity to reduce intraocular pressure, amount of antiglaucoma medications required, and monthly cost of the necessary antiglaucoma medications during […]

ABSTRACT Duane Syndrome (DS) is a rare ocular disorder that causes congenital strabismus. It results from a failure of the abducens nerve (VI cranial nerve) to innervate the lateral rectus muscle, in addition to anomalous innervation of this muscle by the oculomotor nerve (III cranial nerve). The syndrome is characterized by restricted movements of adduction and abduction, narrowing of the palpebral fissure, abnormal ocular movements, and globe retraction. It affects about 0.1% of the population and accounts for 1-4% of […]

ABSTRACT Objective: to offer basic ophthalmological knowledge to the local community through a scientific exhibition and evaluate the impact on visitors’ learning. Methods: to hold an interactive exhibition on the human eye and ocular health at the Central Library (BCE) of the State University of Maringá (UEM-PR) in June and July 2024, open to the population. A 10-question questionnaire was administered before and after the students’ interaction with visitors at the exhibition. Results: 2,348 valid questionnaires were administered (1,174 initially […]

Measles is a contagious disease caused by morbillivirus, a virus of the family paramyxoviridae.() It evolves through four phases: incubation, invasion, eruption and desquamation. Ophthalmologic manifestations are rare. They may occur during the invasive and eruptive phases.() Measles keratitis is the most concerning manifestation; it may vary from simple superficial punctate keratitis to corneal perforation. We report a case of acute keratitis occurring during the eruptive phase of measles in an unvaccinated adult during an epidemic. […]

ABSTRACT Proliferative vitreoretinopathy remains the leading cause of anatomical failure after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair, affecting 5 to 12% of primary detachment and up to 75% of redetachments. Although small-gauge vitrectomy, chromovitrectomy, high-definition intraoperative viewing systems and advanced preoperative imaging have revolutionized retinal surgery, the incidence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy has not decreased significantly over the past two decades. It represents a maladaptive wound-healing response in which inflammatory and fibrogenic pathways drive the formation of contractile preretinal, intraretinal, and subretinal membranes. […]

Vitreoretinal surgery, which is dedicated to the management of complex disorders of the retina and vitreous, has undergone remarkable changes in the last 5 decades.(,) What began as a high-risk intervention with unpredictable outcomes has improved into a safe and effective approach, offering innovative therapies for previously untreatable diseases. This editorial highlights the current state of vitreoretinal surgery and explores future directions. The journey of vitreoretinal surgery started with Machemer and Parel’s pioneering introduction of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in […]

ABSTRACT This update article aims to discuss gene therapies under study for retinal diseases, mainly among the different inherited retinal dystrophies. Inherited retinal dystrophies are considered rare diseases, some are ultra-rare. The use of Luxturna, which was approved by the FDA in 2017 and by Anvisa in 2020, changed the natural history of the retinopathy associated with biallelic variants in RPE65 gene and was a major milestone in ophthalmology. There are still many challenges for this new therapeutic modality, which […]

ABSTRACT Diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema are leading causes of preventable vision loss, with a rising global impact due to the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus. This review article synthesizes current evidence regarding the management of diabetic retinopathy, addressing pathophysiological mechanisms and evidence-based therapeutic recommendations from major clinical trials. Key topics include screening strategies, updated classification systems, systemic control, and ocular therapies such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents, corticosteroids, laser photocoagulation, and vitrectomy. Emerging medication approaches, sustained-release […]