ABSTRACT Background: There is a debate regarding the differences in intraocular pressure values between different types of dispersive ophthalmic viscosurgical devices in patients after phacoemulsification for cataracts. Objectives: We aim to evaluate the differences between hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and sodium hyaluronate alone or combined with chondroitin sulfate as ophthalmic viscosurgical devices after phacoemulsification in selected patients related to intraocular pressure. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trial data comparing only dispersive hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with sodium hyaluronate […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of ChatGPT in analyzing OCT images. Methods: A total of 300 OCT images, previously interpreted by specialists, were analyzed by ChatGPT under three scenarios: image-only input; input with additional epidemiological data; and input with detailed clinical data. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates were compared across scenarios using appropriate statistical analyses (p < 0.05). Results: Overall accuracy was 66.33% in the image-only scenario, 82.33% with epidemiological data, and 92.67% with clinical data. Sensitivity for [...]

ABSTRACT Sturge-Weber Syndrome is a rare, non-hereditary developmental condition characterized by hamartomatous vascular proliferations affecting the brain and facial tissues. Its main features include corticocerebral angiomatosis, cerebral calcifications, epilepsy, ocular abnormalities, mental impairment, and a facial port-wine stain. This report aims to highlight the main features of Sturge-Weber Syndrome in a patient with unilateral facial and scalp nevus, ipsilateral glaucoma, and imaging alterations. A case study was conducted on a patient treated at an ophthalmology clinic. The diagnosis and follow-up […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the cost-utility of latanoprostene bunod 0.024% as first-line therapy compared to the strategy recommended by the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for primary open-angle glaucoma of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Methods: A cost-utility analysis was conducted using a hypothetical cohort and a Markov model. In the base-case scenario, the treatment strategy recommended by the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines was adopted, initiating therapy with timolol 0.5%. If the target intraocular pressure was not achieved, dorzolamide […]

ABSTRACT An 81-year-old male patient with systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia presented with sudden visual acuity loss in the right eye (RE) due to a branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) associated with macular edema. Despite treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab, the patient developed persistent inner retinal ischemia, evidenced by optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings of retinal inner plexiform layer (RIPL) alterations. Years later, he suffered an ischemic stroke, highlighting the association between retinal ischemic changes and systemic vascular risk. This […]

A produção de artigos científicos no Brasil é um percurso árduo, repleto de obstáculos. Na Oftalmologia, especialidade marcada por avanços constantes e pela necessidade de inovação, esses entraves tornam-se ainda mais evidentes. Vivemos em um país com enorme volume de pacientes, diversidade epidemiológica única e médicos talentosos. Contudo, transformar essa realidade clínica em ciência publicada exige superar muitas pedras no caminho. Diferentemente de países com carreiras acadêmicas estruturadas, no Brasil a pesquisa é quase sempre feita à margem da rotina […]

ABSTRACT This report aims to present classical and pathognomonic ocular changes, sequelae, and complications in a patient with Virchowian leprosy diagnosed in 2008 and undergoing their first ophthalmological evaluation in 2023. Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, more prevalent in underdeveloped countries, with Brazil being the second most prevalent country worldwide. Cutaneous and peripheral nerve involvement are very common. However, ocular manifestations, which most frequently occur in patients with a long course of the disease in the […]

ABSTRACT Fungal keratitis is a potentially sight-threatening corneal infection, often diagnosed late due to clinical overlap with other infectious etiologies. In vivo confocal microscopy has proven to be an effective method to detect fungal structures, even in the absence of microbiological confirmation. The objective was to report a case of fungal keratitis initially treated as bacterial, in which confocal microscopy was decisive for the etiological diagnosis and therapeutic reorientation. A 30-year-old female patient, regular contact lens wearer, presented with blurred […]