Nos últimos anos, diversas inovações surgiram para o tratamento do glaucoma, desde novas moléculas, com novos mecanismos de ação e novas formas de administração, passando pelas terapias a laser, até chegar em novas técnicas cirúrgicas, com novos dispositivos e implantes.() As inovações médicas são necessárias e muito importantes para melhorar o cuidado com os pacientes. Toda inovação procura preencher a lacuna de uma necessidade não atingida, quais sejam: eficácia, segurança, tolerabilidade, facilidade de uso, reprodutibilidade, ampliação de indicação etc. Todos […]

INTRODUCTION The aging of the world population has been a reality since the 19th century. Currently, this trend is becoming more pronounced in less developed countries, particularly after the mid-20th century. It has been observed that poorer countries experience a decline in fertility and birth rates, along with an increase in life expectancy and quality of life among their populations.(,) Age-related changes in binocular vision and the prevalence of visual disturbances in the elderly receive little attention. Only a few […]

ABSTRACT Objective: This study presents a comparative analysis of the performance of three artificial intelligence models (ChatGPT, Scholar GPT, and DeepSeek) in solving the CBO 2022 theoretical exams I and II to obtain the Specialist Certification Exam in Ophthalmology. Methods: A total of 46 valid questions from theoretical exam I and 122 from theoretical exam II were analyzed after the exclusion of 7 cancelled questions. The models were set to operate under standardized conditions, and their responses were compared with […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological and clinical profiles, outcomes, and follow-up visits of patients treated in the emergency department of a reference hospital in Paraná, Brazil. Methods: This observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective study analyzed medical records from the emergency department of a reference ophthalmology hospital in Curitiba, Paraná, from December 21, 2021 to March 20, 2022. Results: A total of 8,072 medical records were examined, of which 6,565 were new complaints, 620 were follow-up visits, and 887 were incomplete […]

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to validate the psychometric properties, feasibility, and clinical utility of the Tumbling-Hand test. Methods: The validation process involved two phases. In neurotypical participants, VA thresholds of the Tumbling-Hand test were compared with the printed Tumbling E test, with repeatability assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland-Altman analysis. In neurodivergent participants, the feasibility and success rates of the Tumbling-Hand test were evaluated against the Tumbling E and Landolt C tests. Statistical analyses, including McNamar’s and […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess whether the anteroposterior diameter growth curve in Brazilian children aligns with the Caucasian-European standard used as a reference in Brazil. To evaluate the feasibility of using non-cycloplegic refractometric measurements from an autorefractor based on the anteroposterior diameter for medical prescription. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional pilot study was conducted with children receiving care through the Brazilian Unified Health System at the Hospital de Olhos do Paraná. Examinations included visual screening, anamnesis, cycloplegic refraction, fundoscopy, measurement of the […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the clinical features and multidisciplinary management of paralytic lagophthalmos secondary to peripheral facial palsy, focusing on ocular complications. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, and retrospective analysis was conducted on five patients treated at an ophthalmologic emergency service in Curitiba, Brazil. Results: All patients developed keratitis associated with lagophthalmos, confirming the correlation between these conditions. Treatment included ocular lubrication and corneal reepithelialization, but nocturnal eye occlusion was prescribed in only some cases. Referrals varied with symptom duration: acute […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize the physical structure, resources and processes involved in processing healthcare products in ophthalmic surgery task forces. Methods: The document analysis was carried out on four files selected from the 25 available, following the inclusion criteria: they delt with the subject in its entirety and added new information. The data was analyzed using the Bardin method. Results: The data were organized into three categories: PPS Processing; Human and Material Resources; Physical Structure. There were failures in processing, […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of corneal transplants in Brazil between 2014 and 2023. Methods: This is a descriptive, retrospective epidemiological study with a quantitative approach. Data were collected from the SIA/SUS platform of DATASUS, covering the period from 2014 to 2023. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted using the SPSS software. The variables studied included the number of transplants, regional disparities, and the relationship between public funding and procedures performed. Results: During the analyzed period, 38,728 corneal […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze visual performance in digitally active volunteers using ScCLs. Methods: ScCLs were fit in seven participants and evaluated during four visits over 45 consecutive days. Reading speed tests were performed with MNREAD-P charts and texts developed by the Department of Speech Therapy of the authors’ institution. Post-study, participants were interviewed and completed the 8-item Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire (CLDEQ-8). Results: During ScCL wear, 85.7% showed increased reading speed on MNREAD-P charts, with similar results on the […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate whether an Artificial Intelligence model based on easily accessible perinatal variables can predict congenital ophthalmologic malformations, particularly those whose late detection may lead to preventable blindness. Methods: Retrospective diagnostic accuracy study using the DATASUS database. A total of 6,633 newborns in Brazil (2014 to 2022) were included, with 2,211 congenital ophthalmologic malformations (ICD-10 Q100-Q159) and 4,422 controls. Predictors comprised 14 maternal, obstetric, and neonatal factors; records with missing data were excluded. Logistic regression and support vector […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate pneumatic retinopexy in the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Methods: A retrospective observational study of 24 eyes was conducted over a one-year period, using secondary data collection and a qualitative-quantitative approach. Patient characteristics, clinical presentation, and treatment-related variables were analyzed. Results: The mean age was 58.29 ± 12.36 years, with 58.33% of patients being male. Pseudophakia was present in 20.83% of cases. The median baseline visual acuity was 1.3 LogMAR (ranging from 0.1 LogMAR to hand-motion). […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the prevalence of colour dyschromatopsia in students of engineering, medicine, dentistry, and pedagogy courses at a community college in a city in the Midwest of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Methods: Applied research, a quantitative approach, and exploratory tests were conducted using the Ishihara Colour Test complemented by the Farnsworth D-15 Test. Results: The study sample comprised 660 participants (414 females and 246 males; p = 0.001). Of the total cohort, eight (1.21%) presented colour vision abnormalities in […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the epidemiological and economic aspects of hospital admissions for glaucoma in Brazil between 2018-2024. Methods: Analytical ecological time-series study using SIH (Hospital System Information)/SUS data from the DATASUS platform. All hospital admissions with a diagnosis of glaucoma during the period were included. Results: A total of 50,062 admissions were recorded, reflecting a 45.9% increase. Most cases occurred in brown-skinned males aged 60-69. Most surgeries were elective. The Southeast region had the highest number of cases, while […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the agreement between the Eyestar900 and IOLMaster700 for biometric measurements and assess their interchangeability. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the following parameters: anterior keratometry, axial length, anterior chamber depth, white-to-white diameter, and lens thickness. Agreement was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients, Bland-Altman plots, and scatter plots. A paired t-test was used to evaluate statistical differences. Results: A total of 43 eyes from 33 patients were analyzed. The mean differences were 0.03 D for keratometry, 0.08 mm […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the knowledge and skills of generalist physicians and medical interns, as well as the perception of ophthalmologists regarding academic training for extraocular foreign body removal. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with a qualitative and quantitative approach. The study included physicians on duty in the emergency department of a university hospital and an Emergency Care Unit. Results: The total number of participants was 87, including 18 generalist physicians on duty, 59 medical students, and 10 […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the clinical profile of pediatric patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis and its impact on their health-related quality of life. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2024 to July 2024 at a Tertiary Eye Care Hospital in Rawalpindi, including 55 diagnosed vernal keratoconjunctivitis patients. The clinical data were recorded on a pre-structured clinical proforma. The health-related quality of life was evaluated using the adapted questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert Scale. The statistical analysis was performed […]

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to report a case of complicated gonococcal conjunctivitis with keratitis. A patient presented to the ophthalmologic emergency department of the Clinical Hospital at the Federal University of Minas Gerais with purulent discharge from the right eye, ocular hyperemia, pain, and low visual acuity that had started 2 days before. An ophthalmologic examination revealed a visual acuity of counting fingers to face in the right eye. Biomicroscopy revealed purulent discharge, ocular hyperemia, chemosis and […]

ABSTRACT This is a case report of a patient with tuberous sclerosis who has been followed since the age of 8 months. An ophthalmological examination revealed left eyelid ptosis and a lesion consistent with retinal astrocytoma. Imaging studies, including magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, demonstrated multiple abnormalities such as cortical-subcortical lesions, subependymal nodules, callosal dysgenesis, and probable renal cysts. The patient also presented with refractory epilepsy, developmental delay, and frequent seizures. Correlating the clinical and radiological findings with the […]

ABSTRACT Thygeson’s keratitis is a chronic bilateral inflammation of the cornea, characterized by recurrent intraepithelial opacities, intense photophobia, and visual fluctuations, especially in children. Topical corticosteroids are effective, but their prolonged use carries risks and frequent recurrences. We report the case of an 11-year-old girl with refractory Thygeson’s keratitis treated with topical tacrolimus 0.03%. After an initial response to corticosteroids, an early recurrence occurred within 15 days. With the introduction of tacrolimus, there was complete resolution of signs and symptoms, […]

ABSTRACT We report the first case of successful bilateral cataract surgery performed under modified topical anesthesia in an adolescent with Down syndrome and a difficult airway. Airway management under general anesthesia (GA) for this patient population presents significant challenges, including increased risk of adverse intraoperative and postoperative events. This report details our innovative anesthetic approach, termed trained topical anesthesia (TTA), which facilitated uneventful successive cataract surgery in both eyes. The success of this approach highlights the importance of comprehensive psychological […]

ABSTRACT Lamb-Shaffer syndrome (LAMSHF) is a rare condition characterized by neurodevelopmental disorders caused by haploinsufficiency of the SOX5 gene on chromosome 12p12. Clinically, it manifests itself with growth retardation, global neurodevelopmental delay, speech delay, dysmorphic facial features, and musculoskeletal, cardiac, and genitourinary abnormalities. Although frequent, the ophthalmological presentations of this syndrome are not well established in the literature. In this study, we aim to report a new case of this rare condition, highlighting the ophthalmological aspects of its condition.

ABSTRACT This article is aimed at presenting the clinical features and management of two distinct subtypes of Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome (ICE), highlighting the importance of differential diagnosis and individualized treatment. It shows two case reports of female patients with progressive visual loss. Ophthalmologic examination was performed, including biomicroscopy, gonioscopy, and specular microscopy. Treatment was defined according to clinical need. The first patient, diagnosed with Cogan-Reese Syndrome, presented with pigmented nodules on the iris, uveal ectropion, and posterior synechiae, being treated […]

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to report a case of retinitis pigmentosa in a patient with HIV and ocular syphilis, highlighting the complexity of diagnosis and treatment in overlapping systemic and ocular conditions. A descriptive, qualitative analysis of the patient’s clinical evolution was conducted using medical records and patient interviews. A literature review was performed through PubMed® and SciELO. Data collection followed ethical standards, with informed consent obtained. Treatment with antiretroviral therapy and specific antibiotics for syphilis led […]

ABSTRACT Pilomatrixoma is a rare benign neoplasm derived from hair matrix cells, with a preference for the head and neck region, especially in children and adolescents. Its occurrence in adults, particularly in the eyelid, is uncommon and often leads to misdiagnosis. Clinically, it presents as a firm, painless, subcutaneous nodule with progressive growth. Definitive diagnosis is established through histopathological examination, and the standard treatment is complete surgical excision, with low recurrence rates. This article describes a case of eyelid pilomatrixoma […]

ABSTRACT This study was aimed at reporting a case of Valsava Retinopathy (VR) successfully treated with early YAG laser membraniectomy. This is a case report with analysis of medical records, performance, and recording of complementary exams, performing the laser procedure, assessment of immediate visual acuity, 7 and 30 days after the laser procedure. The patient demonstrated full recovery of visual acuity within 1 week. YAG laser membranectomy has proven effective in dispersing bleeding, accelerating visual recovery faster and more accessible […]

ABSTRACT Amyloidosis is characterized by the extracellular deposition of amyloid protein fibrils in tissues, including the conjunctiva, due to their insolubility in proteolytic enzymes. Conjunctival amyloidosis, particularly involving the eyelid conjunctiva, is a rare clinical entity. We report the case of a 60-year-old Caucasian female who presented with a unilateral lesion in the inferior bulbar conjunctiva, extending to the entire inferior tarsal region and fornix. The lesion appeared as an extensive, elevated, pinkish-yellowish nodular mass with poorly defined borders. An […]

ABSTRACT Our objective was to evaluate and describe the techniques and outcomes of limbal stem cell transplantation in patients with limbal stem cell deficiency after chemical burn of the ocular surface. We performed this literature review using the PubMed® (MEDLINE), Cochrane and Embase (Elsevier) databases. Of the 313 studies found, 276 were removed as duplicates and ineligible based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria; 17 articles remained after full reading, classified according to the criteria of interest, and 1 article […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate, using current data, the importance of the eye test in the early diagnosis of retinoblastoma. Methods: This is an integrative literature review, with searches in databases of publications between the years 2000 and 2024, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, and 17 articles were selected for the research. Results: The main advantages of the eye test are its simplicity of performance, portability of the equipment, and non-invasive and rapid nature. The absence of the pupillary reflex or […]

ABSTRACT Non-infectious uveitis is a major cause of visual loss, particularly among working-age adults. It is an intraocular inflammatory condition mediated by autoreactive T lymphocytes, and its severe forms may require therapies beyond corticosteroids. This article reviews recent advances in the treatment of the disease, emphasizing natural compounds and innovative ocular drug delivery systems, particularly those based on pharmaceutical nanotechnology. Compounds such as licarin A, lupeol, and melittin have shown promising anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic properties in experimental models, with favorable […]

ABSTRACT Introduction: Visual images play a fundamental role in social cognition, functional autonomy, and personal identity. Acquired vision loss represents a potentially disruptive experience, with consequences that extend beyond sensory impairment and affect the processes through which self-image is constructed and reconstructed. Objective: Given the relevance of this construct and the influence of sociocultural determinants related to gender, this scoping review aimed to map the existing scientific evidence on the relationship between acquired vision loss and self-image perception in men […]

Dear Editor, We appreciate your thoughtful review of our recently published article. We fully agree that the ideal way to evaluate the potential of oral riboflavin combined with sun exposure would be through a prospective, controlled, large-scale study involving patients with documented progressive keratoconus. Only then would it be possible to unequivocally distinguish the effect of the intervention from natural variability, spontaneous stability, or co-interventions. […]

STUDY DESIGN LIMITATIONS The authors report a retrospective, uncontrolled, multicenter series of 53 patients, with attrition to 42 patients after only 6 months. The absence of a control group or blinding means that natural variability, regression to the mean, or periods of spontaneous stability cannot be excluded as explanations for their findings. The authors acknowledge that “the absence of a control group and blinding, as well as the relatively small number of individuals followed, can be mentioned”. Furthermore, the inclusion […]

ABSTRACT The aim of this case report was to demonstrate the importance of the neuro-ophthalmological examination, particularly the assessment of the pupillary reflex, in identifying neurological abnormalities in asymptomatic patients, highlighting its crucial role in the early detection of intracranial aneurysms, even in the absence of evident clinical signs. This is an observational, retrospective, and descriptive case report of a 70-year-old male patient with chronic glaucoma. During a routine ophthalmological evaluation, a relative afferent pupillary defect was identified in the […]

A 35-year-old man presented to the ophthalmology clinic with immediate blurry vision and central scotoma in the right eye after sustaining accidental exposure to a handheld laser pointer (power < 1 mW, wavelength 640 to 660 nm; according to the label on the device) from approximately 5 m away, for a duration that he described as 1 to 2 seconds during a PowerPoint presentation in a conference room. Visual acuity was 20/80 in the right eye and 20/20 in the [...]

A 62-year-old healthy man with left-sided headaches for 3 days and redness of the left eye for 24 hours. The best corrected visual acuity of both eyes was 10/10. The left side of the forehead showed incipient vesicles on an erythematous background (). The left eye was slightly injected. Biomicroscopic examination disclosed a large temporal corneal pseudodendrite (). Fluorescein staining under a cobalt-blue filter confirmed this pattern (). Valacyclovir associated with lubricant eyedrops was started. Follow-up examination revealed complete resolution […]