Nos últimos anos, diversas inovações surgiram para o tratamento do glaucoma, desde novas moléculas, com novos mecanismos de ação e novas formas de administração, passando pelas terapias a laser, até chegar em novas técnicas cirúrgicas, com novos dispositivos e implantes.() As inovações médicas são necessárias e muito importantes para melhorar o cuidado com os pacientes. Toda inovação procura preencher a lacuna de uma necessidade não atingida, quais sejam: eficácia, segurança, tolerabilidade, facilidade de uso, reprodutibilidade, ampliação de indicação etc. Todos […]

ABSTRACT Objective: This study presents a comparative analysis of the performance of three artificial intelligence models (ChatGPT, Scholar GPT, and DeepSeek) in solving the CBO 2022 theoretical exams I and II to obtain the Specialist Certification Exam in Ophthalmology. Methods: A total of 46 valid questions from theoretical exam I and 122 from theoretical exam II were analyzed after the exclusion of 7 cancelled questions. The models were set to operate under standardized conditions, and their responses were compared with […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological and clinical profiles, outcomes, and follow-up visits of patients treated in the emergency department of a reference hospital in Paraná, Brazil. Methods: This observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective study analyzed medical records from the emergency department of a reference ophthalmology hospital in Curitiba, Paraná, from December 21, 2021 to March 20, 2022. Results: A total of 8,072 medical records were examined, of which 6,565 were new complaints, 620 were follow-up visits, and 887 were incomplete […]

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to validate the psychometric properties, feasibility, and clinical utility of the Tumbling-Hand test. Methods: The validation process involved two phases. In neurotypical participants, VA thresholds of the Tumbling-Hand test were compared with the printed Tumbling E test, with repeatability assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland-Altman analysis. In neurodivergent participants, the feasibility and success rates of the Tumbling-Hand test were evaluated against the Tumbling E and Landolt C tests. Statistical analyses, including McNamar’s and […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess whether the anteroposterior diameter growth curve in Brazilian children aligns with the Caucasian-European standard used as a reference in Brazil. To evaluate the feasibility of using non-cycloplegic refractometric measurements from an autorefractor based on the anteroposterior diameter for medical prescription. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional pilot study was conducted with children receiving care through the Brazilian Unified Health System at the Hospital de Olhos do Paraná. Examinations included visual screening, anamnesis, cycloplegic refraction, fundoscopy, measurement of the […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the clinical features and multidisciplinary management of paralytic lagophthalmos secondary to peripheral facial palsy, focusing on ocular complications. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, and retrospective analysis was conducted on five patients treated at an ophthalmologic emergency service in Curitiba, Brazil. Results: All patients developed keratitis associated with lagophthalmos, confirming the correlation between these conditions. Treatment included ocular lubrication and corneal reepithelialization, but nocturnal eye occlusion was prescribed in only some cases. Referrals varied with symptom duration: acute […]

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to report a case of complicated gonococcal conjunctivitis with keratitis. A patient presented to the ophthalmologic emergency department of the Clinical Hospital at the Federal University of Minas Gerais with purulent discharge from the right eye, ocular hyperemia, pain, and low visual acuity that had started 2 days before. An ophthalmologic examination revealed a visual acuity of counting fingers to face in the right eye. Biomicroscopy revealed purulent discharge, ocular hyperemia, chemosis and […]

ABSTRACT This is a case report of a patient with tuberous sclerosis who has been followed since the age of 8 months. An ophthalmological examination revealed left eyelid ptosis and a lesion consistent with retinal astrocytoma. Imaging studies, including magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, demonstrated multiple abnormalities such as cortical-subcortical lesions, subependymal nodules, callosal dysgenesis, and probable renal cysts. The patient also presented with refractory epilepsy, developmental delay, and frequent seizures. Correlating the clinical and radiological findings with the […]

ABSTRACT Thygeson’s keratitis is a chronic bilateral inflammation of the cornea, characterized by recurrent intraepithelial opacities, intense photophobia, and visual fluctuations, especially in children. Topical corticosteroids are effective, but their prolonged use carries risks and frequent recurrences. We report the case of an 11-year-old girl with refractory Thygeson’s keratitis treated with topical tacrolimus 0.03%. After an initial response to corticosteroids, an early recurrence occurred within 15 days. With the introduction of tacrolimus, there was complete resolution of signs and symptoms, […]

ABSTRACT We report the first case of successful bilateral cataract surgery performed under modified topical anesthesia in an adolescent with Down syndrome and a difficult airway. Airway management under general anesthesia (GA) for this patient population presents significant challenges, including increased risk of adverse intraoperative and postoperative events. This report details our innovative anesthetic approach, termed trained topical anesthesia (TTA), which facilitated uneventful successive cataract surgery in both eyes. The success of this approach highlights the importance of comprehensive psychological […]

ABSTRACT Lamb-Shaffer syndrome (LAMSHF) is a rare condition characterized by neurodevelopmental disorders caused by haploinsufficiency of the SOX5 gene on chromosome 12p12. Clinically, it manifests itself with growth retardation, global neurodevelopmental delay, speech delay, dysmorphic facial features, and musculoskeletal, cardiac, and genitourinary abnormalities. Although frequent, the ophthalmological presentations of this syndrome are not well established in the literature. In this study, we aim to report a new case of this rare condition, highlighting the ophthalmological aspects of its condition.

ABSTRACT Our objective was to evaluate and describe the techniques and outcomes of limbal stem cell transplantation in patients with limbal stem cell deficiency after chemical burn of the ocular surface. We performed this literature review using the PubMed® (MEDLINE), Cochrane and Embase (Elsevier) databases. Of the 313 studies found, 276 were removed as duplicates and ineligible based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria; 17 articles remained after full reading, classified according to the criteria of interest, and 1 article […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate, using current data, the importance of the eye test in the early diagnosis of retinoblastoma. Methods: This is an integrative literature review, with searches in databases of publications between the years 2000 and 2024, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, and 17 articles were selected for the research. Results: The main advantages of the eye test are its simplicity of performance, portability of the equipment, and non-invasive and rapid nature. The absence of the pupillary reflex or […]

A 35-year-old man presented to the ophthalmology clinic with immediate blurry vision and central scotoma in the right eye after sustaining accidental exposure to a handheld laser pointer (power < 1 mW, wavelength 640 to 660 nm; according to the label on the device) from approximately 5 m away, for a duration that he described as 1 to 2 seconds during a PowerPoint presentation in a conference room. Visual acuity was 20/80 in the right eye and 20/20 in the [...]

A 62-year-old healthy man with left-sided headaches for 3 days and redness of the left eye for 24 hours. The best corrected visual acuity of both eyes was 10/10. The left side of the forehead showed incipient vesicles on an erythematous background (). The left eye was slightly injected. Biomicroscopic examination disclosed a large temporal corneal pseudodendrite (). Fluorescein staining under a cobalt-blue filter confirmed this pattern (). Valacyclovir associated with lubricant eyedrops was started. Follow-up examination revealed complete resolution […]